HuaWei Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) Learning Goals:
HuaWei Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) Learning Goals:
Grasp the characteristics and application range of SDH common topologies.
Master the healing principles.
Grasp the characteristics of the different types of self-healing ring, capacity, and scope.
Understand the characteristics of several common complex networks.
Understand the overall hierarchy of the SDH network.
About PDH SDH transition strategy.
1, Basic network topology
SDH network is SDH network element equipment by cable interconnection of network nodes (network element) and the geometric arrangement of transmission lines constitute the topology of the network. The effectiveness of the network (channel utilization), reliability, and economy is to a large extent related to its topological structure.
Basic network topology structure of chain-shaped, Star, tree and ring and mesh shape, as shown in Figure 5-1.
1-1, Chain network
This network topology consists of all nodes in the network series one by one, and both ends open. This topology is more economical, used more in the early SDH network, mainly used for private networks (such as rail network).
1-2, Star network
This kind of network topology is a network element in the network as a special node with other nodes of the network element linked to another network element node is disconnected, network element node business passes through this special mode switching. The characteristics of network topology is a special node allows you to manage other network nodes, which allocated bandwidth, cost savings, but there are a special node security and processing capabilities of potential bottlenecks. Special node works like Exchange network in tandem, this topology used for the local network (access network and user network).
1-3, Tree network
This network topology can be viewed as a chain topology combined with the star topology, there are special security and potential bottlenecks in the ability of the node.
1-4, Ring
Topology ring topology refers to the chain connected to the end so that any online network element nodes are not open to the network topology. This is the most used form of network topology, mainly because it has a strong survival, namely self-healing function. The ring network is commonly used for the local network (access and user network), the changeover relay network.
1-5, Mesh network
All the element nodes connected to the 22, forming a mesh network topology. This topology provides multiple transport routes between two nodes of the network element, and make networks more reliable and stronger, there are no bottlenecks and failures. However, due to the redundancy of the system high will reduce the system effectiveness, high cost, and complex structures. Mesh nets are mainly used for long-distance networks, to provide a high-reliability network.
Currently, the most used network topology is a chain and a ring through a flexible combination of them may pose a more complex network. This section is about the chain of components and features several main forms of healing and ring (self-healing) mechanism and characteristics of the work.
2, Chain nets and self-healing ring
Transmission online business can be classified by the flow of one-way and two-way businesses. A ring network as an example to illustrate the difference between one-way and two-way businesses.
If you exchange business between a and c, a to c, business route assumes a → b → c, c to a c → b → a is the business route, the business route from a to c and from c to a different, known as routing.
If route c to a c → d → a, then a business from a to c and business route from c to a different, known as separate routes.
We call routing business two-way operations, separating routing business as one-way operations. Common network business directions and routing as shown in the table.
3, Ring--self-healed ring
3-1, The concept of self-healing
All walks of greater and dependency on information in today's society requires communication network delivery of timely and accurate information. Information transmitted over the Internet more and more, increasing rates of transmission signals, once the network has failed (it is difficult to avoid, such as the construction the cable cut off), will cause great damage to society as a whole. Network survivability of network security is the first to consider the issues of the day.
So-called healing means that in case of network failure (such as fiber broken), without human intervention, the network automatically in a very short period of time (ITU-t defined as less than 50ms), automatically from business recovery in the event of transmission, so that users could barely feel the network is out of order. The rationale is that the network should have found alternative transport routes and the ability to re-establish communication. Alternative routes alternative devices or redundancy in the use of existing equipment, to meet all or a specified priority traffic recovery. From the foregoing networks are self-healing ability is a prerequisite for a redundant routing, strong ability to cross the network element as well as elements a certain degree of intelligence.
Healing is only by alternate channels will be the failure of business recovery, and not related to a specific failure of repair or replacement of parts and wires, so the point of failure of repair needs manual intervention to complete, is like a broken cable or manually connected.
Grasp the characteristics and application range of SDH common topologies.
Master the healing principles.
Grasp the characteristics of the different types of self-healing ring, capacity, and scope.
Understand the characteristics of several common complex networks.
Understand the overall hierarchy of the SDH network.
About PDH SDH transition strategy.
1, Basic network topology
SDH network is SDH network element equipment by cable interconnection of network nodes (network element) and the geometric arrangement of transmission lines constitute the topology of the network. The effectiveness of the network (channel utilization), reliability, and economy is to a large extent related to its topological structure.
Basic network topology structure of chain-shaped, Star, tree and ring and mesh shape, as shown in Figure 5-1.
1-1, Chain network
This network topology consists of all nodes in the network series one by one, and both ends open. This topology is more economical, used more in the early SDH network, mainly used for private networks (such as rail network).
1-2, Star network
This kind of network topology is a network element in the network as a special node with other nodes of the network element linked to another network element node is disconnected, network element node business passes through this special mode switching. The characteristics of network topology is a special node allows you to manage other network nodes, which allocated bandwidth, cost savings, but there are a special node security and processing capabilities of potential bottlenecks. Special node works like Exchange network in tandem, this topology used for the local network (access network and user network).
This network topology can be viewed as a chain topology combined with the star topology, there are special security and potential bottlenecks in the ability of the node.
1-4, Ring
Topology ring topology refers to the chain connected to the end so that any online network element nodes are not open to the network topology. This is the most used form of network topology, mainly because it has a strong survival, namely self-healing function. The ring network is commonly used for the local network (access and user network), the changeover relay network.
1-5, Mesh network
All the element nodes connected to the 22, forming a mesh network topology. This topology provides multiple transport routes between two nodes of the network element, and make networks more reliable and stronger, there are no bottlenecks and failures. However, due to the redundancy of the system high will reduce the system effectiveness, high cost, and complex structures. Mesh nets are mainly used for long-distance networks, to provide a high-reliability network.
Currently, the most used network topology is a chain and a ring through a flexible combination of them may pose a more complex network. This section is about the chain of components and features several main forms of healing and ring (self-healing) mechanism and characteristics of the work.
2, Chain nets and self-healing ring
Transmission online business can be classified by the flow of one-way and two-way businesses. A ring network as an example to illustrate the difference between one-way and two-way businesses.
If route c to a c → d → a, then a business from a to c and business route from c to a different, known as separate routes.
We call routing business two-way operations, separating routing business as one-way operations. Common network business directions and routing as shown in the table.
3, Ring--self-healed ring
3-1, The concept of self-healing
All walks of greater and dependency on information in today's society requires communication network delivery of timely and accurate information. Information transmitted over the Internet more and more, increasing rates of transmission signals, once the network has failed (it is difficult to avoid, such as the construction the cable cut off), will cause great damage to society as a whole. Network survivability of network security is the first to consider the issues of the day.
So-called healing means that in case of network failure (such as fiber broken), without human intervention, the network automatically in a very short period of time (ITU-t defined as less than 50ms), automatically from business recovery in the event of transmission, so that users could barely feel the network is out of order. The rationale is that the network should have found alternative transport routes and the ability to re-establish communication. Alternative routes alternative devices or redundancy in the use of existing equipment, to meet all or a specified priority traffic recovery. From the foregoing networks are self-healing ability is a prerequisite for a redundant routing, strong ability to cross the network element as well as elements a certain degree of intelligence.
Healing is only by alternate channels will be the failure of business recovery, and not related to a specific failure of repair or replacement of parts and wires, so the point of failure of repair needs manual intervention to complete, is like a broken cable or manually connected.
HuaWei Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH) Learning Goals:
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